Composition roll roofing is a popular roofing solution widely used in residential and commercial buildings across the United States. It offers a cost-effective and durable option for low-slope roofs, combining practicality with ease of installation. This article explores what composition roll roofing is, its components, types, advantages, and guidelines for proper installation and maintenance, providing a comprehensive resource for homeowners and roofing professionals alike.
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Material Type | Asphalt-saturated felt or fiberglass base with mineral granule surface |
| Common Uses | Low-slope residential and commercial roofs |
| Installation | Rolls of 3-foot width, applied with adhesives or nails |
| Durability | Typically 5-10 years, depending on climate and maintenance |
| Cost | Lower upfront cost compared to metal or shingle roofing |
What Is Composition Roll Roofing?
Composition roll roofing is a type of roofing material made from flexible roll sheets, primarily composed of asphalt-saturated organic felt or fiberglass mat, coated with mineral granules to improve weather resistance. Unlike traditional asphalt shingles, roll roofing comes in large continuous sheets, generally 36 inches wide, making it quicker to install on large flat or low-slope roofs.
This roofing material is designed for simplicity, affordability, and moderate durability, providing a reliable waterproof barrier for buildings with less aggressive roof pitches. Due to its composition, it can effectively resist UV rays, water penetration, and moderate environmental hazards.
Types of Composition Roll Roofing
Several types of composition roll roofing are available, distinguished mainly by their base material and surface coatings:
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- Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Roll Roofing: Traditional choice made from hemp, cellulose, or wood pulp saturated with asphalt. It is heavy but provides good flexibility and insulation.
- Fiberglass-Based Roll Roofing: Lighter and more durable than organic felt, fiberglass offers improved fire resistance and greater longevity.
- Granule-Surfaced Roll Roofing: Mineral granules embedded on the surface to protect the asphalt from UV exposure, extend lifespan, and improve aesthetic appeal.
- Smooth-Surfaced Roll Roofing: A less common variant, lacking granules, typically used for underlayments or intermediate roofing layers.
Benefits of Composition Roll Roofing
Composition roll roofing provides several advantages that make it a viable option for certain roofing projects:
- Economical: It is generally less expensive than traditional shingles or metal roofing, making it suitable for budget-conscious projects.
- Quick Installation: The roll format allows for fast application over large surface areas, reducing labor costs and installation time.
- Waterproof Protection: Asphalt and mineral granules create a robust barrier against rain, snow, and moisture infiltration.
- Flexibility: The flexible rolls adapt well to irregular roof shapes and contours typical of low-slope roof designs.
- Lightweight: Unlike heavy shingles or tiles, roll roofing adds minimal weight to the structural frame.
- Maintenance: Repair tasks are straightforward, often involving patching or reapplication sections.
Common Uses of Composition Roll Roofing
Composition roll roofing is primarily used on:
- Low-slope or flat roofs: Roofs with pitches less than 3:12, common in commercial buildings or some residential sheds and garages.
- Sheds and outbuildings: Its affordability and ease of installation make it ideal for accessory structures.
- Temporary or backup roofs: Often used as a temporary covering before permanent roofing installation.
- Accessory roof areas: Small roof sections such as dormers, porches, or extensions.
Installation Process of Composition Roll Roofing
Proper installation is critical to maximize the lifespan and performance of composition roll roofing. The following outlines key installation steps:
Surface Preparation
The roof deck must be clean, dry, and smooth. Any previous roofing layers should be removed if damaged or uneven. Plywood or OSB (Oriented Strand Board) decking is preferred for solid foundation.
Underlayment Application
A waterproof underlayment (such as roofing felt or synthetic membranes) is often installed beneath the roll roofing to provide an extra layer of protection.
Measuring and Cutting
Roll roofing strips are measured and cut according to the roof dimensions, allowing for overlap of about 2-4 inches on edges to prevent leaks.
Attachment Methods
- Adhesive:** Application of roofing adhesive or cold-applied asphalt tars to the substrate for secure adherence.
- Nailing:** Roofing nails are used along the edges and overlaps, ensuring fasteners securely penetrate the deck without damaging the material.
Sealing and Finishing
Flashing around roof edges, chimneys, vents, and skylights is sealed with compatible roofing cement to prevent water infiltration. Mineral granule surfaces are sometimes treated with additional coatings for UV protection.
Maintenance and Longevity
Routine maintenance is essential for maximizing the service life of composition roll roofing. Recommended practices include:
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- Regular inspections for tears, blisters, or loose seams.
- Prompt repair of any damaged areas using roofing cement and patches.
- Clearing debris, leaves, and dirt that can trap moisture and accelerate wear.
- Monitoring flashing seals around penetrations and resealing as required.
Typically, composition roll roofing lasts between 5 to 10 years, depending on climate, exposure, and quality of installation.
Comparing Composition Roll Roofing to Other Materials
| Roofing Material | Typical Lifespan | Cost | Suitability | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composition Roll Roofing | 5-10 years | Low | Low-slope roofs, sheds, temporary use | Affordable, easy to install, lightweight | Shorter lifespan, less aesthetic variety |
| Asphalt Shingles | 15-30 years | Moderate | Steeper residential roofs | Durable, versatile, widely available | Heavier, more labor-intensive installation |
| Metal Roofing | 30-50 years | High | Residential and commercial roofs of various slopes | Long lifespan, fire-resistant, recyclable | Higher upfront cost, noise during rain |
| Modified Bitumen | 15-20 years | Moderate to high | Low-slope commercial roofs | Improved flexibility and durability | More complex installation process |
Environmental and Energy Considerations
While composition roll roofing is practical, it has some environmental factors to consider:
- The asphalt base is petroleum-derived, raising concerns about sustainability and carbon footprint.
- Mineral granules help with UV resistance but do not significantly improve energy efficiency.
- Recycling options for roll roofing materials are limited compared to metal or tile roofing.
- Light-colored or reflective varieties are available, which can modestly reduce heat absorption.
Installing proper attic ventilation alongside roll roofing can enhance energy efficiency by reducing heat buildup.